去年,最高法院刚判决哈佛大学录取案时,美国媒体纷纷报导,说最高法院终结了平权措施。有一天去办公室,跟同事吃午饭。快结束时,一位年轻助理问能不能提个问题,说问完了就去工作。我不常去办公室,很少见到她,偶尔见到,她话也不多。几年前,她在本地一家普通大学毕业,出身于得克萨斯普通家庭,去年独立日第一次去纽约,回来说感觉晕头转向,手忙脚乱。
看她有些严肃的样子,我问是什么问题。原来她要问我对最高法院大学录取平权案判决的看法。我简单说了自己的看法,尤其是说罗伯茨大法官写的判决书并没有像媒体说的那样“终结了平权措施”。她说了几句自己的看法,就匆匆去工作了。让我吃惊的是,她认真读了判决书。随后,收到她的电邮:
“I really appreciate you taking the time to discuss with me. Roberts’ discussion about stereotyping is very valuable to think about......However, I disagree with how he frames the issue of “societal discrimination.” In his opinion, he uses the term “past societal discrimination” and “effects of societal discrimination” interchangeably, whereas I believe the two ideas are very different. To me, the first term conveys a sense of retribution for past harm whereas the second one can be seen as preventive measures against current harm. For example, Roberts uses cases law to describe instances where we “cannot justify a (racial) classification that imposes disadvantages upon persons…who bear no responsibility for whatever harm the beneficiaries of the [race-based] admissions program are thought to have suffered.” Without an objective standard, will admissions boards have accountability to counter ongoing societal inequalities? More specifically, will admissions boards continue to be motivated to overcome present day societal discriminations such as individual, unconscious bias or the disproportionate distribution of educational opportunities for communities of color? Just things I think about. It’ll be interesting to see how it plays out.”
记得午餐时,她说她父亲小时候就是上种族隔离的学校,一段很坏的历史,刚判决的时候,她有点害怕那段历史再变个花样回来,觉得我的解读比较乐观。
一个普通年轻人,热心社会公正,阅读思考如此认真,让人刮目相看。 正是这些不起眼的日常,让人在芜杂的政治乱象中对这个国家的未来抱有希望,也让人对平日不善言辞的普通人怀有敬意。
对于社会正义和人间公道的具体所指和实现途径,每人因经历和教育不同,会有不同看法,都属正常。但一个国家,从法官、政客到普通国民,不能放弃对正义和公道的追求——那是能把千千万万不同阶层的国民凝聚到一起的价值粘合剂。
在美国生活了20多年,觉得从身边同事、师友和很多萍水相逢的陌生人身上学到的东西比从书本上学到的更多、更重要,对人生的意义也更大。这种学习比较感性,不用死记硬背,随时随地可能发生,但可遇不可求,日积月累沉淀在个人的精神世界和生活方式中,不经意中改变着我们的人生。